India Pesticides Ltd. కంపెనీ అకౌంటింగ్ విధానాలు

Mar 31, 2025

Company Profile

India Pesticides Limited (“the Company”) is a company incorporated on 13th December 1984 and having its registered office at Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. The Company is engaged in ‘Agri Chemicals’ business which primarily includes manufacture, sale and distribution of insecticides, fungicides, herbicide and various other agrochemical products. The Company has its own manufacturing site for agrochemical production at Sandila and Dewa Road in Uttar Pradesh.

1 Material Accounting policies

This note provides a list of the material accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these standalone financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

1.1 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Ind AS’) as prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (“the Act”) read with Companies (Indian Accounting standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the years presented in the standalone financial statements.

The Standalone Financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis under the historical cost convention except for the following that are measured at fair value as required by relevant Ind AS.

a. Certain financial assets measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)

b. Defined Benefit and other Long-term Employee Benefits -Refer Note 1.(o) below

Current versus non-current classification

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or noncurrent as per the Company’s operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or noncurrent classification of assets and liabilities.

1.2 Use of Estimates and Judgments

In preparing the Standalone Financial Statements, the Management has to make certain assumptions and estimates that may substantially impact the presentation of the Company’s financial position and/ or results of operations.

The estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the Standalone Financial Statements are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the periods in which they become known.

1.3 Summary of Material accounting policies

(a) Property, Plant & Equipment Measurement at recognition:

An item of property, plant and equipment that qualifies as an asset is measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, items of property, plant and equipment are carried at its cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises of its purchase price including import duties and other non-refundable purchase taxes or levies, directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use and the initial estimate of decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities, if any. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Cost includes cost of replacing a part of a plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are met. Expenses directly attributable to new manufacturing facility during its construction period are capitalized if the recognition criteria are met. Expenditure related to plans, designs and drawings of buildings or plant and machinery is capitalized under relevant heads of property, plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are met.

Costs in nature of repairs and maintenance are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

Capital work in progress and Capital advances:

Cost of assets not ready for intended use, as on the balance sheet date, is shown as capital work in progress. Advances given towards acquisition of fixed assets outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as Other Non-Current Assets.

Depreciation and Amortisation

Depreciation on each part of an item of property, plant and equipment is provided using the Straight Line Method based on the useful life of the assets as prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the period of the lease.

Asset Class	Useful Life
Factory Building	30 years
Plant & Equipment	10-20 years
R & D Equipment	20 years
Furniture & Fixtures	10 years
Vehicles	8-10 years
Office Equipment	5 years
Computers	3 years

The estimated useful life, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

Derecognition:

The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The gain or loss arising from the Derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the item is derecognized.

(b) Intangible Assets

Measurement at recognition:

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Intangible assets arising on acquisition of business are measured at fair value as at date of acquisition. Internally generated intangibles including research cost are not capitalized and the related expenditure is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Amortization:

Intangible Assets with finite lives are amortized on a Straight Line basis over the estimated useful economic life. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The estimated useful life of intangible assets is mentioned below:

Asset Class	Useful Life
Software	5 years
Know How	10 years

The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with finite useful life is reviewed at the end of each financial year. If any of these expectations differ from previous estimates, such change is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

Derecognition:

The carrying amount of an intangible asset is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The gain or loss arising from the Derecognition of an intangible asset is measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the intangible asset and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

(c) Revenue Recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized on transfer of control of promised goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company is expected to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of variable consideration on account of various discounts and schemes offered by the Company as part of the contract. This variable consideration is estimated based on the expected value of outflow. Revenue (net of variable consideration) is recognized only to the extent that it is highly probable that the amount will not be subject to significant reversal when uncertainty relating to its recognition is resolved.

Sale of Products:

Revenue from sale of products is recognized when the control on the goods has been transferred to the customer. The performance obligation in case of sale of product is satisfied at a point in time i.e., when the material is shipped to the customer or on delivery to the customer, as may be specified in the contract.

Revenue is measured based on transaction price, which is the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, stated net of discounts, returns and goods and services tax. Transaction price is recognized based on the price specified in the contract, net of the estimated sales incentives/ discounts. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide for the discounts/ right of return, using the expected value method.

Income from Export Incentives such as duty drawback and Rodtep are recognised on an accrual basis to the extent the ultimate realisation is reasonably certain.

(d) Other Income

Dividends are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established.

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial asset to the asset’s gross carrying amount on initial recognition. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument.

(e) Inventories

Inventories encompass goods consumed in production (raw materials, packing materials and stores and spare parts), goods in the production process for sale (work-inprogress) and goods held for sale in the ordinary course of business (finished goods and stock-in-trade). Inventories are recognised at the lower of their cost of acquisition calculated by the weighted average method and at their net realisable value. The net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated cost of completion and selling expenses necessary to make the sale.

(f) Financial Instruments (i) Financial Assets

Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

On initial recognition, a financial asset is recognised at fair value, in case of Financial assets which are recognised at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), its transaction costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. In other cases, the transaction costs are attributed to the acquisition value of the financial asset.

“Financial assets are subsequently classified as measured at

- amortised cost

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are accounted for at amortised cost using the effective interest method. This category

comprises trade accounts receivable, loans, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances and other financial assets. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.”

- fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)

Assets shall be measured at FVTPL unless it is measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVTPL and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and presented within other gains/ (losses) in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income.

- fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. The movements in carrying amount are taken through Other Comprehensive Income, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss and recognised in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

Derecognition

Financial assets are derecognised when contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets expire or the financial assets are transferred together with all material risks and benefits.

(ii) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value if the Company has a contractual obligation to transfer cash or other financial assets to another party. Borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs. In subsequent periods, such liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Derecogni tion

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the contractual obligation is discharged or cancelled, or has expired.

(g) Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost. The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost. The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ permitted by Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments for recognition of impairment loss on trade receivables and lease receivables based on expected lifetime losses at each reporting date right from its initial recognition. If the reasons for previously recognised impairment losses no longer apply, the impairment losses are reversed provided that this does not cause the carrying amounts to exceed the amortised cost of acquisition.

(h) Fair Value Measurement

The Company measures certain financial instruments at fair value at each reporting date. Certain accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non- financial assets and liabilities.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or, in its absence, the most advantageous market to which the Company has access at that date. The fair value of a liability also reflects its non-performance risk.

The best estimate of the fair value of a financial instrument on initial recognition is normally the transaction price -i.e. the fair value of the consideration given or received. If the Company determines that the fair value on initial recognition differs from the transaction price and the fair value is evidenced neither by a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability nor based on a valuation technique that uses only data from observable markets, then the financial instrument is initially measured at fair value, adjusted to defer the difference between the

fair value on initial recognition and the transaction price. Subsequently that difference is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss on an appropriate basis over the life of the instrument but no later than when the valuation is wholly supported by observable market data or the transaction is closed out.

While measuring the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation technique as follows:

- Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)

- Level 3: inputs for the assets or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)

When quoted price in active market for an instrument is available, the Company measures the fair value of the instrument using that price. A market is regarded as active if transactions for the asset or liability take place with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

If there is no quoted price in an active market, then the Company uses a valuation techniques that maximise the use of relevant observable inputs and minimise the use of unobservable inputs. The chosen valuation technique incorporates all of the factors that market participants would take into account in pricing a transaction.

The Company regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If the third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the Company assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.

(i) Trade Receivables and Loans

Trade receivables are initially recognised at fair value. Subsequently, these assets are held at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate (EIR) method net of any expected credit losses. The EIR is the rate that discounts estimated future cash income through the expected life of financial instrument.

(j) Investments

Financial assets are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments. Accordingly, the Company recognises financial asset only when it has a contractual right to receive cash or other financial assets from another entity. All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets are measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or FVTPL. The classification depends on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

Investment in Equity Instruments are classified as FVTPL, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in Other Comprehensive Income for investment in equity instruments which are not held for trading.

(k) Foreign Currency Transactions

The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupee, which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency. A company’s functional currency is that of the primary economic environment in which the company operates.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains/ losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Monetary items:

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at their respective exchange rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date.

Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss either as profit or loss on foreign currency transaction and translation or as borrowing costs to the extent regarded as an adjustment to borrowing costs.

Non - Monetary items:

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions.

Tax expense is the aggregate amount included in the determination of profit or loss for the period in respect of current tax and deferred tax.

Current Tax:

Current tax is the amount of income taxes payable in respect of taxable profit for a period. Taxable profit differs from ‘profit before tax’ as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Current tax is measured using tax rates that have been enacted by the end of reporting period for the amounts expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities.

Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in Standalone Financial Statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit under Income tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. However, in case of temporary differences that arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction (other than business combination) that affect neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized. Also, for temporary differences if any that may arise from initial recognition of goodwill, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized.

Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary difference can be utilized. In case of temporary differences that arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction (other than business combination) that affect neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit, deferred tax assets are not recognized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow the benefits of part or all of such deferred tax assets to be utilized.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

Presentation of current and deferred tax:

Current and deferred tax are recognized as income or an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income, in which case, the current and deferred tax income/ expense are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income.

The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. In case of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, the same are offset if the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off corresponding current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the Company.

(m) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Contingent Liability is disclosed after careful evaluation of facts, uncertainties and possibility of reimbursement, unless the possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote. Contingent liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in notes.

Contingent assets are not disclosed in the Standalone Financial Statements unless an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

(n) Cash & Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and demand deposits with an original maturity ofthree months or less and highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company’s cash management.

(o) Provision for Employee Benefits Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term

employee benefits and they are recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related service. The Company recognizes the undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for services rendered as a liability (accrued expense) after deducting any amount already paid.

Post-Employment Benefits:

I Defined Contribution plans:

Defined contribution plans are employee state insurance scheme and Government administered pension fund scheme for all applicable employees and superannuation scheme for eligible employees.

Recognition and measurement of defined contribution plans:

The Company recognizes contribution payable to a defined contribution plan as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the employees render services to the Company during the reporting period. If the contributions payable for services received from employees before the reporting date exceeds the contributions already paid, the deficit payable is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the reporting date, the excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payments or a cash refund.

II. Defined benefit plans: i) Gratuity scheme:

The Company has a Defined Benefit Plan namely Gratuity covering its employees. The Gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme which is administered by LIC. The present value of provisions for defined benefit plans and the resulting expense are calculated in accordance with Ind AS 19 - Employee Benefits by the Projected Unit Credit Method. The future benefit obligations are valued by an independent actuary at the year-end and spread over the entire employment period on the basis of specific assumptions regarding beneficiary structure and the economic environment. This includes the determination of the discount rate, salary escalation, mortality rate etc. which affects the valuation. In determining the appropriate discount rate at each balance sheet date, the Management considers the interest

rates which relates to the benchmark rate available for Government Securities and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related defined benefit obligation.

Recognition and measurement of defined benefit plans:

The cost of providing defined benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method with actuarial valuations being carried out at each reporting date. The defined benefit obligations recognized in the Balance Sheet represent the present value of the defined benefit obligations as reduced by the fair value of plan assets, if applicable. Any defined benefit asset (negative defined benefit obligations resulting from this calculation) is recognized representing the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the plan.

All expenses represented by current service cost, past service cost, if any, and net interest on the defined benefit liability (asset) are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset) comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on the plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability/asset), are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income. Such remeasurements are not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the subsequent periods.

The Company presents the above liability/ (asset) as current and non-current in the balance sheet as per actuarial valuation by the independent actuary; however, the entire liability towards gratuity is considered as current as the Company will contribute this amount to the gratuity fund within the next twelve months.

Other Long Term Employee Benefits:

Entitlements to annual leave and sick leave are recognized when they accrue to employees. Sick leave can only be availed while annual leave can either be availed or encashed subject to a restriction on the maximum number of accumulation of leave. The Company determines the liability for such accumulated

leaves using the Projected Accrued Benefit method with actuarial valuations being carried out at each Balance Sheet date. Expenses related to other long term employee benefits are recognized in the Statement of Profit and loss (including actuarial gain and loss).

(p) Lease accounting

Assets taken on lease:

The Company mainly has lease arrangements for land.

The Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of a contract. The assessment involves the exercise of judgement about whether (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset, (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset through the period of the lease, and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability at the lease commencement date. The ROU asset is initially recognised at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

The ROU asset is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of, the end of the useful life of the ROU asset or the end of the lease term i.e. between 3 to 90 years

If a lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset or the cost of the ROU asset reflects that the Company expects to exercise a purchase option, the related ROU asset is depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset. The estimated useful lives of ROU assets are determined on the same basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain re-measurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate specific to the Company, term and currency of the contract. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability include fixed payments, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate known at the commencement date; and extension option payments or purchase options payment which the Company is reasonable certain to exercise.

Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate are not included in the measurement the lease liability and the ROU asset. The related payments are recognised as an expense in the period in which the event or condition that triggers those payments occurs and are included in the line “other expenses” in the statement of profit or loss.

After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made and remeasured (with a corresponding adjustment to the related ROU asset) when there is a change in future lease payments in case of renegotiation, changes of an index or rate or in case of reassessment of options.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets:

The Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short term leases as well as low value assets and recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.

(q) Impairment of Non-financial Assets

Non-financial assets other than inventories, deferred tax assets and non-current assets classified as held for sale are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any indication of such impairment exists, the recoverable amount of such assets / cash generating unit is estimated and in case the carrying amount of these assets exceeds their recoverable amount, an impairment is recognised.

The recoverable amount is the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and their value in use. Value in use is arrived at by discounting the future cash flows to their present value based on an appropriate discount factor. Assessment is also done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in prior accounting periods no longer exists or may have decreased, such reversal of impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(r) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs, if any, directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized, if any. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.

(s) Government Grants / Subsidies:

No Grants/Subsidies have been received by the company during the period.

(t) Segment reporting

The Company identifies operating segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit/loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Board of Directors (who are Company’s chief operating decision makers) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

(u) Dividends Payable

Final dividend on shares are recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company’s Board of Directors.

(v) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the Profit or Loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the Profit or Loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effect of all dilutive potential equity shares.

The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for bonus issue and share split.

(w) Events after reporting date

Where events occurring after the balance sheet date provide evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period, the impact of such events is adjusted within the standalone financial statements. Otherwise, events after the balance sheet date of material size or nature are only disclosed.

(x) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet, if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(y) Rounding Of Amounts

All amounts disclosed in the Standalone Financial Statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest Crores, unless otherwise stated.

(z) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. For the year ended March 31, 2025, MCA has not notified any new standards or amendments to the existing standards applicable to the Company.

(aa) Critical accounting estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below:

(a) Income taxes

The Company’s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgements are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions.

(b) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset’s expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of Company’s assets are determined by the management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end. The lives are based on historical experience

with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technical or commercial obsolescence arising from changes or improvements in production or from a change in market demand of the product or service output of the asset.

(c) Defined Benefit Obligation

The costs of providing pensions and other postemployment benefits are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in accordance with Ind AS 19 ‘Employee benefits’ over the period during which benefit is derived from the employees’ services. The costs are assessed on the basis of assumptions selected by the management. These assumptions include salary escalation rate, discount rates, expected rate of return on assets and mortality rates.

(d) Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financials assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow model, which involve various judgements and assumptions.

(e) Right-of-use assets and lease liability

The Company has exercised judgement in determining the lease term as the noncancellable term of the lease, together with the impact of options to extend or terminate the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised. Where the rate implicit in the lease is not readily available, an incremental borrowing rate is applied. This incremental borrowing rate reflects the rate of interest that the lessee would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar nature and value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. Determination of the incremental borrowing rate requires estimation.

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Mar 31, 2024

1 Material Accounting policies

This note provides a list of the material accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these standalone financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

1.1 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the ''Ind AS'') as prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") read with Companies (Indian Accounting standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the years presented in the standalone financial statements.

The Standalone Financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis under the historical cost convention except for the following that are measured at fair value as required by relevant Ind AS.

a. Certain financial assets measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)

b. Defined Benefit and other Long-term Employee Benefits - Refer Note 1.(o) below

Current versus non-current classification

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or noncurrent classification of assets and liabilities.

1.2 Use of Estimates and Judgments

In preparing the Standalone Financial Statements, the Management has to make certain assumptions and estimates that may substantially impact the presentation of the Company''s financial position and/ or results of operations.

The estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the Standalone Financial Statements are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the periods in which they become known.

1.3 Summary of Material accounting policies

(a) Property, Plant & Equipment Measurement at recognition:

An item of property, plant and equipment that qualifies as an asset is measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, items of property, plant and equipment are carried at its cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises of its purchase price including import duties and other non-refundable purchase taxes or levies, directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use and the initial estimate of decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities, if any. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Cost includes cost of replacing a part of a plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are met. Expenses directly attributable to new manufacturing facility during its construction period are capitalized if the recognition criteria are met. Expenditure related to plans, designs and drawings of buildings or plant and machinery is capitalized under relevant heads of property, plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are met.

Costs in nature of repairs and maintenance are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

Capital work in progress and Capital advances: Cost of assets not ready for intended use, as on

the balance sheet date, is shown as capital work in progress. Advances given towards acquisition of fixed assets outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as Other Non-Current Assets.

Depreciation and Amortisation

Depreciation on each part of an item of property, plant and equipment is provided using the Straight Line Method based on the useful life of the assets as prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the period of the lease.

Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Amortization:

Intangible Assets with finite lives are amortized on a Straight Line basis over the estimated useful economic life. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The estimated useful life of intangible assets is mentioned below:

The estimated useful life, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

Derecognition:

The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The gain or loss arising from the Derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the item is derecognized.

(b) Intangible Assets

Measurement at recognition:

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Intangible assets arising on acquisition of business are measured at fair value as at date of acquisition. Internally generated intangibles including research cost are not capitalized and the related expenditure is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred.

The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with finite useful life is reviewed at the end of each financial year. If any of these expectations differ from previous estimates, such change is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

Derecognition:

The carrying amount of an intangible asset is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The gain or loss arising from the Derecognition of an intangible asset is measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the intangible asset and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

(c) Revenue Recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized on transfer of control of promised goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company is expected to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of variable consideration on account of various discounts and schemes offered by the Company as part of the contract. This variable consideration is estimated based on the expected value of outflow. Revenue (net of variable consideration) is recognized only to the

extent that it is highly probable that the amount will not be subject to significant reversal when uncertainty relating to its recognition is resolved.

Sale of Products:

Revenue from sale of products is recognized when the control on the goods has been transferred to the customer. The performance obligation in case of sale of product is satisfied at a point in time i.e., when the material is shipped to the customer or on delivery to the customer, as may be specified in the contract.

Revenue is measured based on transaction price, which is the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, stated net of discounts, returns and goods and services tax. Transaction price is recognized based on the price specified in the contract, net of the estimated sales incentives/ discounts. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide for the discounts/ right of return, using the expected value method.

Export Incentive:

Income from Export Incentives such as duty drawback and Rodtep are recognised on an accrual basis to the extent the ultimate realisation is reasonably certain.

(d) Other Income

Dividends are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established.

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial asset to the asset''s gross carrying amount on initial recognition. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument.

(e) Inventories

Inventories encompass goods consumed in production (raw materials, packing materials and stores and spare parts), goods in the production process for sale (work-in-progress) and goods held for sale in the ordinary course of business (finished goods and stock-in-trade). Inventories are recognised at the lower of their cost of acquisition calculated by the weighted average method and at their net realisable value. The net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated cost of completion and selling expenses necessary to make the sale.

(f) Financial Instruments (i) Financial Assets

Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

On initial recognition, a financial asset is recognised at fair value, in case of Financial assets which are recognised at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), its transaction costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. In other cases, the transaction costs are attributed to the acquisition value of the financial asset.

Financial assets are subsequently classified as measured at

- amortised cost

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are accounted for at amortised cost using the effective interest method. This category comprises trade accounts receivable, loans, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances and other financial assets. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

- fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)

Assets shall be measured at FVTPL unless it is measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVTPL and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in

the Statement of Profit and Loss and presented within other gains/ (losses) in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income.

- fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets'' cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. The movements in carrying amount are taken through Other Comprehensive Income, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss and recognised in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

Derecognition

Financial assets are derecognised when contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets expire or the financial assets are transferred together with all material risks and benefits.

(ii) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value if the Company has a contractual obligation to transfer cash or other financial assets to another party. Borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs. In subsequent periods, such liabilities are measured

at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Derecognition

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the contractual obligation is discharged or cancelled, or has expired.

(g) Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost. The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost. The Company follows ''simplified approach'' permitted by Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments for recognition of impairment loss on trade receivables and lease receivables based on expected lifetime losses at each reporting date right from its initial recognition. If the reasons for previously recognised impairment losses no longer apply, the impairment losses are reversed provided that this does not cause the carrying amounts to exceed the amortised cost of acquisition.

(h) Fair Value Measurement

The Company measures certain financial instruments at fair value at each reporting date. Certain accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non- financial assets and liabilities.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or, in its absence, the most advantageous market to which the Company has access at that date. The fair value of a liability also reflects its non-performance risk.

The best estimate of the fair value of a financial instrument on initial recognition is normally the transaction price - i.e. the fair value of the consideration given or received. If the Company determines that the fair value on initial recognition differs from the transaction price and the fair value is evidenced neither by a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability nor based on a valuation technique that uses only data from observable markets, then the financial instrument is initially measured at fair

value, adjusted to defer the difference between the fair value on initial recognition and the transaction price. Subsequently that difference is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss on an appropriate basis over the life of the instrument but no later than when the valuation is wholly supported by observable market data or the transaction is closed out.

While measuring the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation technique as follows:

- Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)

- Level 3: inputs for the assets or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)

When quoted price in active market for an instrument is available, the Company measures the fair value of the instrument using that price. A market is regarded as active if transactions for the asset or liability take place with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

If there is no quoted price in an active market, then the Company uses a valuation techniques that maximise the use of relevant observable inputs and minimise the use of unobservable inputs. The chosen valuation technique incorporates all of the factors that market participants would take into account in pricing a transaction.

The Company regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If the third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the Company assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.

(i) Trade Receivables and Loans

Trade receivables are initially recognised at fair value. Subsequently, these assets are held at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate (EIR) method net of any expected credit losses. The EIR is the rate that discounts estimated future cash income through the expected life of financial instrument.

(j) Investments

Financial assets are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments. Accordingly, the Company recognises financial asset only when it has a contractual right to receive cash or other financial assets from another entity. All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets are measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or FVTPL. The classification depends on the Company''s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

Investment in Equity Instruments are classified as FVTPL, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in Other Comprehensive Income for investment in equity instruments which are not held for trading.

(k) Foreign Currency Transactions

The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupee, which is the Company''s functional and presentation currency. A company''s functional currency is that of the primary economic environment in which the company operates.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains/ losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Monetary items:

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at their respective exchange rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date.

Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss either as profit or loss on foreign currency transaction and translation or as borrowing costs to the extent regarded as an adjustment to borrowing costs.

Non - Monetary items:

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions.

(l) Income tax

Tax expense is the aggregate amount included in the determination of profit or loss for the period in respect of current tax and deferred tax.

Current Tax:

Current tax is the amount of income taxes payable in respect of taxable profit for a period. Taxable profit differs from ''profit before tax'' as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Current tax is measured using tax rates that have been enacted by the end of reporting period for the amounts expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities.

Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in Standalone Financial Statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit under Income tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. However, in case of temporary differences that arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a

transaction (other than business combination) that affect neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized. Also, for temporary differences if any that may arise from initial recognition of goodwill, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized.

Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary difference can be utilized. In case of temporary differences that arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction (other than business combination) that affect neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit, deferred tax assets are not recognized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow the benefits of part or all of such deferred tax assets to be utilized.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

Presentation of current and deferred tax:

Current and deferred tax are recognized as income or an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income, in which case, the current and deferred tax income/expense are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income.

The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. In case of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, the same are offset if the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off corresponding current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the Company.

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Mar 31, 2023

Company Profile

India Pesticides Limited ("the Company") is a company incorporated on 13th December 1984 and having its registered office at Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. The Company is engaged in ''Agri Chemicals'' business which primarily includes manufacture, sale and distribution of insecticides, fungicides, herbicide and various other agrochemical products. The Company has its own manufacturing site for agrochemical production at Sandila and Dewa Road in Uttar Pradesh.

1 Significant Accounting policies

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these standalone financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

1.1 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the ''Ind AS'') as prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") read with Companies (Indian Accounting standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the years presented in the standalone financial statements.

The Standalone Financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis under the historical cost convention except for the following that are measured at fair value as required by relevant Ind AS.

a. Certain financial assets measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)

b. Defined Benefit and other Long-term Employee Benefits - Refer Note 1.(o) below

Current versus non-current classification

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current or noncurrent classification of assets and liabilities.

1.2 Use of Estimates and Judgments

In preparing the Standalone Financial Statements, the Management has to make certain assumptions and estimates that may substantially impact the presentation of the Company''s financial position and/ or results of operations.

The estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the Standalone Financial Statements are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under the existing circumstances. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the periods in which they become known.

1.3 Summary of Significant accounting policies

(a) Property, Plant & Equipment

Measurement at recognition:

An item of property, plant and equipment that qualifies as an asset is measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, items of property, plant and equipment are carried at its cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises of its purchase price including import duties and other non-refundable purchase taxes or levies, directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use and the initial estimate of decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities, if any. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Cost includes cost of replacing a part of a plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are met. Expenses directly attributable to new manufacturing facility during its construction period are capitalized if the recognition criteria are met. Expenditure related to plans, designs and drawings of buildings or plant and machinery is capitalized under relevant heads of property, plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are met.

Costs in nature of repairs and maintenance are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as and when incurred.

Capital work in progress and Capital advances:

Cost of assets not ready for intended use, as on the balance sheet date, is shown as capital work in progress. Advances given towards acquisition of fixed assets outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as Other Non-Current Assets.

Depreciation and Amortisation

"Depreciation on each part of an item of property, plant and equipment is provided using the Straight Line Method based on the useful life of the assets as prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the period of the lease.

Asset Class	Useful Life
Factory Building	30 years
Plant & Equipment	10-20 years
R & D Equipment	20 years
Furniture & Fixtures	10 years
Vehicles	8-10 years
Office Equipment	5 years
Computers	3 years

The estimated useful life, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

Derecognition:

The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The gain or loss arising from the Derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the item is derecognized.

(b) Intangible Assets

Measurement at recognition:

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Intangible assets arising on acquisition of business are measured at fair value as at date of acquisition. Internally generated intangibles including research cost are not capitalized and the related expenditure is

recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the expenditure is incurred. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Amortization:

Intangible Assets with finite lives are amortized on a Straight Line basis over the estimated useful economic life. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The estimated useful life of intangible assets is mentioned below:

Asset Class	Useful Life
Software	5 years
Know How	10 years

The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with finite useful life is reviewed at the end of each financial year. If any of these expectations differ from previous estimates, such change is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

Derecognition:

The carrying amount of an intangible asset is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. The gain or loss arising from the Derecognition of an intangible asset is measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the intangible asset and is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

(c) Revenue Recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized on transfer of control of promised goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company is expected to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of variable consideration on account of various discounts and schemes offered by the Company as part of the contract. This variable consideration is estimated based on the expected value of outflow. Revenue (net of variable

consideration) is recognized only to the extent that it is highly probable that the amount will not be subject to significant reversal when uncertainty relating to its recognition is resolved.

Sale of Products:

Revenue from sale of products is recognized when the control on the goods has been transferred to the customer. The performance obligation in case of sale of product is satisfied at a point in time i.e., when the material is shipped to the customer or on delivery to the customer, as may be specified in the contract.

Revenue is measured based on transaction price, which is the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, stated net of discounts, returns and goods and services tax. Transaction price is recognized based on the price specified in the contract, net of the estimated sales incentives/ discounts. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide for the discounts/ right of return, using the expected value method.

Export Incentive:

Income from Export Incentives such as duty drawback and MEIS are recognised on an accrual basis to the extent the ultimate realisation is reasonably certain.

(d) Other Income

Dividends are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss only when the right to receive payment is established. It is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Company, and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts over the expected life of the financial asset to the asset''s gross carrying amount on initial recognition. When calculating the effective interest rate, the Company estimates the expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument.

(e) Inventories

Inventories encompass goods consumed in production (raw materials, packing materials and stores and spare parts), goods in the production

process for sale (work-in-progress) and goods held for sale in the ordinary course of business (finished goods and stock-in-trade). Inventories are recognised at the lower of their cost of acquisition calculated by the weighted average method and at their net realisable value. The net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated cost of completion and selling expenses necessary to make the sale.

(f) Financial Instruments (i) Financial Assets

Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

On initial recognition, a financial asset is recognised at fair value, in case of Financial assets which are recognised at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL), its transaction costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss. In other cases, the transaction costs are attributed to the acquisition value of the financial asset.

Financial assets are subsequently classified as measured at

- amortised cost

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Financial assets are accounted for at amortised cost using the effective interest method. This category comprises trade accounts receivable, loans, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances and other financial assets. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method."

- fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL)

Assets shall be measured at FVTPL unless it is measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI. A gain or loss on a debt instrument that is subsequently measured at FVTPL and is not

part of a hedging relationship is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and presented within other gains/ (losses) in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income.

- fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets'' cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at FVOCI. The movements in carrying amount are taken through Other Comprehensive Income, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in Other Comprehensive Income is reclassified from equity to the Statement of Profit and Loss and recognised in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in Other Income using the effective interest rate method.

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their recognition, except if and in the period the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets.

Derecognition

Financial assets are derecognised when contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets expire or the financial assets are transferred together with all material risks and benefits.

(ii) Financial Liabilities

Financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value if the Company has a contractual obligation to transfer cash or other financial assets to another party. Borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs. In subsequent periods, such liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Derecognition

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the contractual obligation is discharged or cancelled, or has expired.

(g) Impairment of Financial Assets

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost. The Company applies Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost. The Company follows ''simplified approach'' permitted by Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments for recognition of impairment loss on trade receivables and lease receivables based on expected lifetime losses at each reporting date right from its initial recognition. If the reasons for previously recognised impairment losses no longer apply, the impairment losses are reversed provided that this does not cause the carrying amounts to exceed the amortised cost of acquisition.

(h) Fair Value Measurement

The Company measures certain financial instruments at fair value at each reporting date. Certain accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non- financial assets and liabilities.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or, in its absence, the most advantageous market to which the Company has access at that date. The fair value of a liability also reflects its non-performance risk.

The best estimate of the fair value of a financial instrument on initial recognition is normally the transaction price - i.e. the fair value of the consideration given or received. If the Company determines that the fair value on initial recognition differs from the transaction price and the fair value is evidenced neither by a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability nor based on a valuation technique that uses only data from observable markets, then the financial instrument is initially measured at fair value, adjusted to defer the difference between the fair value on initial recognition and the transaction price. Subsequently that difference is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss on an appropriate basis over the life of the instrument but no later than when the valuation is

wholly supported by observable market data or the transaction is closed out.

While measuring the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company uses observable market data as far as possible. Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation technique as follows:

- Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

- Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)

- Level 3: inputs for the assets or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)

When quoted price in active market for an instrument is available, the Company measures the fair value of the instrument using that price. A market is regarded as active if transactions for the asset or liability take place with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

If there is no quoted price in an active market, then the Company uses a valuation techniques that maximise the use of relevant observable inputs and minimise the use of unobservable inputs. The chosen valuation technique incorporates all of the factors that market participants would take into account in pricing a transaction.

The Company regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If the third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the Company assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that these valuations meet the requirements of Ind AS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which the valuations should be classified.

(i) Trade Receivables and Loans

Trade receivables are initially recognised at fair value. Subsequently, these assets are held at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate (EIR) method net of any expected credit losses. The EIR is the rate that discounts estimated future cash income through the expected life of financial instrument.

(j) Investments

Financial assets are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments. Accordingly, the Company recognises financial asset only when it has a contractual right to receive cash or other financial assets from another entity. All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets are measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or FVTPL. The classification depends on the Company''s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

Investment in Equity Instruments are classified as FVTPL, unless the Company irrevocably elects on initial recognition to present subsequent changes in fair value in Other Comprehensive Income for investment in equity instruments which are not held for trading."

(k) Foreign Currency Transactions

The Standalone Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupee, which is the Company''s functional and presentation currency. A company''s functional currency is that of the primary economic environment in which the company operates.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign exchange gains/ losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Monetary items:

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at their respective exchange rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date.

Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss either as profit or loss

on foreign currency transaction and translation or as borrowing costs to the extent regarded as an adjustment to borrowing costs.

Non - Monetary items:

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions.

(l) Income tax

Tax expense is the aggregate amount included in the determination of profit or loss for the period in respect of current tax and deferred tax.

Current Tax:

Current tax is the amount of income taxes payable in respect of taxable profit for a period. Taxable profit differs from ''profit before tax'' as reported in the Statement of Profit and Loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Current tax is measured using tax rates that have been enacted by the end of reporting period for the amounts expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities.

Deferred Tax:

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in Standalone Financial Statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit under Income tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. However, in case of temporary differences that arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction (other than business combination) that affect neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized. Also, for temporary differences if any that may arise from initial recognition of goodwill, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized.

Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary difference can be utilized. In case of temporary differences that arise from initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a

transaction (other than business combination) that affect neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit, deferred tax assets are not recognized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow the benefits of part or all of such deferred tax assets to be utilized.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

Presentation of current and deferred tax:

Current and deferred tax are recognized as income or an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income, in which case, the current and deferred tax income/expense are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income.

The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. In case of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, the same are offset if the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off corresponding current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the Company.

(m) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

A provision is recognised if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Contingent Liability is disclosed after careful evaluation of facts, uncertainties and possibility of reimbursement, unless the possibility of an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is remote. Contingent liabilities are not recognised but are disclosed in notes.

Contingent assets are not disclosed in the Standalone Financial Statements unless an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

(n) Cash & Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and demand deposits with an original maturity of three months or less and highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

(o) Provision for Employee Benefits

Short Term Employee Benefits:

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short term employee benefits and they are recognized in the period in which the employee renders the related service. The Company recognizes the undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for services rendered as a liability (accrued expense) after deducting any amount already paid.

Post-Employment Benefits:

I. Defined Contribution plans:

Defined contribution plans are employee state insurance scheme and Government administered pension fund scheme for all applicable employees and superannuation scheme for eligible employees.

Recognition and measurement of defined contribution plans:

The Company recognizes contribution payable to a defined contribution plan as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the employees render services to the Company during the reporting period. If the contributions

payable for services received from employees before the reporting date exceeds the contributions already paid, the deficit payable is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the reporting date, the excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payments or a cash refund.

II. Defined benefit plans:

i) Provident fund scheme:

The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards Employee Provident Fund scheme to a separate trust administered by the Company. The minimum interest payable by the trust to the beneficiaries is being notified by the Government every year. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return on investments of the trust and the notified interest rate.

ii) Gratuity scheme:

The Company has a Defined Benefit Plan namely Gratuity covering its employees. The Gratuity scheme is funded through Group Gratuity-cum-Life Assurance Scheme which is administered by LIC. The present value of provisions for defined benefit plans and the resulting expense are calculated in accordance with Ind AS 19 - Employee Benefits by the Projected Unit Credit Method. The future benefit obligations are valued by an independent actuary at the year-end and spread over the entire employment period on the basis of specific assumptions regarding beneficiary structure and the economic environment. This includes the determination of the discount rate, salary escalation, mortality rate etc. which affects the valuation. In determining the appropriate discount rate at each balance sheet date, the Management considers the interest rates which relates to the benchmark rate available for Government Securities and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related defined benefit obligation.

Recognition and measurement of defined benefit plans:

The cost of providing defined benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit method with actuarial valuations being carried out at each reporting date. The defined benefit obligations recognized in the Balance Sheet represent the present value of the defined benefit obligations as reduced by the fair value of plan assets, if applicable. Any defined benefit asset (negative defined benefit obligations resulting from this calculation) is recognized representing the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the plan.

All expenses represented by current service cost, past service cost, if any, and net interest on the defined benefit liability (asset) are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset) comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on the plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability/asset), are recognized in Other Comprehensive Income. Such remeasurements are not reclassified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the subsequent periods.

The Company presents the above liability/ (asset) as current and non-current in the balance sheet as per actuarial valuation by the independent actuary; however, the entire liability towards gratuity is considered as current as the Company will contribute this amount to the gratuity fund within the next twelve months.

Other Long Term Employee Benefits:

Entitlements to annual leave and sick leave are recognized when they accrue to employees. Sick leave can only be availed while annual leave can either be availed or encashed subject to a restriction on the maximum number of accumulation of leave. The Company determines the liability for such accumulated leaves using the Projected Accrued Benefit method with actuarial valuations being carried out at each Balance Sheet date. Expenses related to other long term employee benefits are recognized in the Statement of Profit and loss (including actuarial gain and loss).

(p) Lease accounting Assets taken on lease:

The Company mainly has lease arrangements for land.

The Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of a contract. The assessment involves the exercise of judgement about whether (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset, (ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset through the period of the lease, and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

The Company recognises a right-of-use asset ("ROU") and a corresponding lease liability at the lease commencement date. The ROU asset is initially recognised at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

The ROU asset is depreciated using the straightline method from the commencement date to the earlier of, the end of the useful life of the ROU asset or the end of the lease term i.e. between 74 to 90 years

If a lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset or the cost of the ROU asset reflects that the Company expects to exercise a purchase option, the related ROU asset is depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset. The estimated useful lives of ROU assets are determined on the same basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain re-measurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate specific to the Company, term and currency of the contract. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability include fixed payments, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate known at the commencement date; and extension option payments or purchase options payment which the Company is reasonable certain to exercise.

Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate are not included in the measurement the lease liability and the ROU asset. The related payments are recognised as an expense in the period in which the event or condition that triggers those payments occurs and are included in the line "other expenses" in the statement of profit or loss.

After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made and remeasured (with a corresponding adjustment to the related ROU asset) when there is a change in future lease payments in case of renegotiation, changes of an index or rate or in case of reassessment of options.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets:

The Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short term leases as well as low value assets and recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.

(q) Impairment of Non-financial Assets

Non-financial assets other than inventories, deferred tax assets and non-current assets classified as held for sale are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any indication of such impairment exists, the recoverable amount of such assets / cash generating unit is estimated and in case the carrying amount of these assets exceeds their recoverable amount, an impairment is recognised.

The recoverable amount is the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and their value in use. Value in use is arrived at by discounting the future cash flows to their present value based on an appropriate discount factor. Assessment is also done at each Balance Sheet date as to whether there is indication that an impairment loss recognised for an asset in prior accounting periods no longer exists or may have decreased, such reversal of impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss."

(r) Borrowing Costs

Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs, if any, directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized, if any. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.

(s) Government Grants / Subsidies:

Government grants / subsidies are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss.

(t) Segment reporting

The Company identifies operating segments based on the dominant source, nature of risks and returns and the internal organisation. The operating segments are the segments for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit/loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the Board of Directors (who are Company''s chief operating decision makers) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

(u) Dividends Payable

Final dividend on shares are recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders and interim dividends are recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the Company''s Board of Directors.

(v) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the Profit or Loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the Profit or Loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of

shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effect of all dilutive potential equity shares.

The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for bonus issue and share split.

(w) Events after reporting date

Where events occurring after the balance sheet date provide evidence of conditions that existed at the end of the reporting period, the impact of such events is adjusted within the standalone financial statements. Otherwise, events after the balance sheet date of material size or nature are only disclosed.

(x) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet, if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(y) Rounding Of Amounts

All amounts disclosed in the Standalone Financial Statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest million, unless otherwise stated.

(z) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On March 31,2023, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 by issuing the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023, applicable from April 1, 2023, as below:

(a) Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements - The amendments require companies to disclose their material accounting policies rather than their significant accounting policies. Accounting policy information, together with other information, is material when it can reasonably be expected to influence decisions of primary users of general purpose financial statements.

(b) Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes - The amendments clarify how companies account for deferred tax on transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations. The amendments narrowed the scope of the Initial recognition exemption of Ind AS 12 so that it no longer applies to transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. Accordingly, companies will need to recognise a deferred tax asset and a deferred tax liability for temporary differences arising on transactions such as initial recognition of a lease and a decommissioning provision.

(c) Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors - The definition of a "change in accounting estimates" has been replaced with a definition of "accounting estimates". Accounting estimates are defined as "monetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty". Entities develop accounting estimates if accounting policies require items in financial statements to be measured in a way that involves measurement uncertainty.

The Company is evaluating the impact, if any, in its financial statements and does not expect to have these amendments to have any significant impacts in its financial statements.

(aa) Critical accounting estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below:

(a) Income taxes

The Company''s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgements are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions.

(b) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset''s expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual values of Company''s assets are determined by the management at the time the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically, including at each financial year end. The lives are based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events, which may impact their life, such as changes in technical or commercial obsolescence arising from changes or improvements in production or from a change in market demand of the product or service output of the asset.

(c) Defined Benefit Obligation

The costs of providing pensions and other post-employment benefits are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in accordance with Ind AS 19 ''Employee benefits'' over the period during which benefit is derived from the employees'' services. The costs are assessed on the basis of assumptions selected by the management. These assumptions include salary escalation rate, discount rates, expected rate of return on assets and mortality rates.

(d) Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financials assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques, including the discounted cash flow model, which involve various judgements and assumptions.

(e) Right-of-use assets and lease liability

The Company has exercised judgement in determining the lease term as the noncancellable term of the lease, together with the impact of options to extend or terminate the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised. Where the rate implicit in the lease is not readily available, an incremental borrowing rate is applied. This incremental borrowing rate reflects the rate of interest that the lessee would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar nature and value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. Determination of the incremental borrowing rate requires estimation.