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Invigorated Business Consulting Ltd. కంపెనీ అకౌంటింగ్ విధానాలు
1 Corporate Information
Invigorated Business Consulting Limited "the Company" is a public company incorporated under Indian Companies Act, 1956 having its registered office located at Plot No.19, Industrial Area,Phase2, Chandigarh-160002, India. The Company(CIN: L70200CH1987PLC033652) is listed at Bombay Stock Exchange. Earlier, The company was registered as Non Banking Financial Institution (NBFI) with reserve Bank of India(RBI). The Company is no longer registered with Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as Non Banking Financial Institution (NBFI) after cancellation of it''s earlier registration vide RBI letter no DNBS(NDI) S.3242/MSA/06.05.001/2015-16 dated 6 May 2016.
Further, RBI vide its letter dated 12 May 2022, direct to change the name of the Company as not reflecting financial business activities. Pursuant to RBI directions, the company passed special resolution at the annual general meeting held on 30 September 2022 and with effect from 14 June 2023 the company name is changed from Escorts Finance Limited to Invigorated Business Consulting Limited.
2 Significant Accounting Policies :2.1 Statement of compliance
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the ''Ind AS'') as notified by Ministry of Corporate Affairs pursuant to section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time and guidelines issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to the extent applicable.
The financial statements correspond to the classification provisions contained in Ind AS 1, "Presentation of Financial Statements". For clarity, various items are aggregated in the statements of profit and loss and balance sheet. These items are disaggregated separately in the notes to the financial statements, where applicable.
Accounting policies have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these financial statements.
2.2 Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading
- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
2.3 Basis of preparation and presentation
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 17 and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realisable value in Ind AS 2 or value in use in Ind AS 36.
In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:
- Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;
- Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and
- Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with the recognition and measurement principles of Ind AS requires the management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities, disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expense for the periods presented.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected.
Key source of estimation of uncertainty at the date of the financial statements, which may cause a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, is in respect of valuation of deferred tax assets and provisions and contingent liabilities.
Valuation of deferred tax assets
In view of uncertainty of future taxable profits, the Company has not recognized deferred tax asset (net of deferred tax liabilities) at the year end.
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.
The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised:
a) Income is recognized on accrual basis except income related to non-performing assets, which is accounted on cash basis in accordance with prudential norms of Reserve Bank of India.
b) The Company has adopted Implicit Rate of Return (IRR) method of accounting in respect of finance charges income for hire purchase/loan transactions. As per this method, the IRR involved in each hire purchase/loan transaction is recognized and finance charges calculated by applying the same on outstanding principal financed thereby establishing equitable distribution of income over the period of the agreement.
c) Interest on overdue installments is accounted for on receipt basis.
d) Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.
e) Dividend income is recognised at the time when right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when the shareholders approve the dividend.
The functional currency of the Company is Indian rupee (?).
Income and expenses in foreign currencies are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the balance sheet date and exchange gains and losses arising on settlement and restatement are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
The Company provides post-employment benefits through various defined contribution and defined benefit plans.
2.7.1 Defined contribution plans
A defined contribution plan is a plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into an independent fund administered by the government. The Company has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contribution, which are recognised as an expense in the year in which the related employee services are received.
The defined benefit plans sponsored by the Compamy define the amount of the benefit that an employee will receive on completion of services by reference to length of service and last drawn salary. The legal obligation for any benefits remains with the Company.
Gratuity is post-employment benefit and is in the nature of a defined benefit plan. The liability recognised in the financial statements in respect of gratuity is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the reporting date, together with adjustments for unrecognised actuarial gains or losses and post service costs. The defined benefit obligatoin is calculated at or near the reporting date by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.
Actuarial gains and losses arising from past experience and changes in actuarial assumptions are credited or charged to the statement of OCI in the year in which such gains or losses are determined.
Other long-term employee benefits
Liability in respect of compensated absences becoming due or expected to be availed more than one year after the balance sheet date is estimated on the basis of an actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.
Actuarial gains and losses arising from past experience and changes in actuarial assumptions are credited or charged to the statement of OCI in the year in which such gains or losses are determined.
Expenses in respect of other short term benefits is recognised on the basis of the amount paid or payable for the period during which services are rendered by the employee.
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently and deferred tax.
The Current tax is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ''profit before tax'' as reported in the statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible.
The Company''s current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
2.8.3 Current and deferred tax for the year
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
Repossessed assets are valued at the end at lower of book value or net realizable value as certified by the management of the Company.
2.10 Property plant and equipment
The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its plant and equipment (including freehold land) as at the transition date, viz., 1 April 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.
Property plant and equipment and capital work in progress are stated at cost of acquisition or construction net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss (if any).
Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. Repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the financial period in which they are incurred.
Depreciation is computed on Straight Line Method (''SLM'') based on estimated useful lives as determined by internal assessment of the assets in terms of Schedule of II to the Companies Act, 2013.
The assets'' residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the income statement when the asset is derecognised.
No further charge is provided in respect of assets that are fully written down but are still in use.
Development of property (website) and software costs are included in the balance sheet as intangible assets, when they are clearly linked to long term economic benefits for the Company. These are measured initially at purchase cost and then amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.
2.12 Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash generating unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).
When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.
214 Financial InstrumentsA. Initial recognition
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a Company entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments, which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash that are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value and having original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of balances with banks which are unrestricted for withdrawal and usage.
B. Subsequent measurementI. Non-derivative financial instrumentsa. Financial assets carried at amortised cost
Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
b. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
Investment in equity instruments (other than subsidiaries / associates / joint ventures) - All equity investments in scope of Ind-AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity insturments which are hled for trading are generally classified at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL). For all other equity instruments, the Company decides to classify the same either at fair value through other comprehensive
income (FVOCI) or fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL). The Company makes such election on an instrument by instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.
If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Dividends on such investments are recognised in profit or loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment.
Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L.
c. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognised in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method, except for contingent consideration recognized in a business combination which is subsequently measured at fair value through profit and loss. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the Balance Sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
II. Share capital
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new ordinary shares and share options are recognised as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
C. Derecognition of financial instruments
The company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109. A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognized from the Company''s Balance Sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires.
2.15 Fair value of financial instruments
In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date. The methods used to determine fair value include discounted cash flow analysis, available quoted market prices and dealer quotes. All methods of assessing fair value result in general approximation of value, and such value may never actually be realised.
2.16 Impairment of financial assets (other than at fair value)
The Company assesses at each date of balance sheet whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for all contract assets and / or all trade receivables that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12 month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to the life time expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition
Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as issued from time to time. During the year, MCA
has notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2025, and the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules, 2025.
a) Amendments to existing Ind AS adopted by the Company
These amendments are effective for the annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2025. Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements
The amendments clarify that the classification of liabilities as current or non-current is based on the rights that are in existence at the end of the reporting period. Specifically, the right to defer settlement for at least twelve months must have substance and exist at the reporting date. The company''s intention to settle a liability early does not affect its classification.
Ind AS 21 - The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates
The amendment addresses "Lack of Exchangeability" between currencies. It provides guidance on how an entity should assess whether a currency is exchangeable into another and how to determine the exchange rate to be used when exchangeability is lacking.
Ind AS 7 - Statement of Cash Flows and Ind AS 107 - Supplier Finance Arrangements
New disclosure requirements have been introduced to enhance transparency regarding supplier finance (reverse factoring) arrangements. These disclosures include the terms and conditions of the arrangements, the carrying amount of financial liabilities involved, and the impact on the Company''s liquidity risk.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) had released model rules for a global minimum tax under the Pillar Two framework (Pillar Two model rules). However, the Pillar Two legislation are not enacted by the Government of India, where the entity is incorporated. The amendment introduces a mandatory temporary exception to the requirements to recognise and disclose information about deferred tax assets and liabilities arising from the OECD''s Pillar Two model rules. The Company has applied this exception for the current reporting period.
Consequential amendments relating to applicability, accounting, measurement, valuations, transitional provisions, exclusions, disclosure etc. were also made to Ind AS 101, Ind AS 108, Ind AS 109, Ind AS 115, Ind AS 10, Ind AS 28, and Ind AS 32.
The company does not expect any significant impacts in its financial statements.
b) Amendments to existing Ind AS not yet adopted
These amendments are effective for the annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 April 2026. Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements
Under the existing Ind AS 1, where there is a breach of a material provision of a long-term loan arrangement on or before the end of the reporting period with the effect that the liability becomes payable on demand on the reporting date, the entity does not classify the liability as current, if the lender agreed, after the reporting period and before the approval of the financial statements for issue, not to demand payment as a consequence of the breach. However, the amended requirements stipulate that entities will no longer be permitted to consider lender waivers that are granted after the reporting date but before the financial statements are approved for the purpose of classification of loans. This amendment is required to be applied retrospectively in accordance with Ind AS 8.
The company does not expect any significant impacts in its financial statements.
2 Significant Accounting Policies :
2.1 Statement of compliance
These financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS), the
provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Companies Act"), as applicable and guidelines issued by the
Securities and Exchange Board of India ("SEBI"). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act
read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian
Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016.
The financial statements correspond to the classification provisions contained in Ind AS 1, "Presentation
of Financial Statements". For clarity, various items are aggregated in the statements of profit and loss and
balance sheet. These items are disaggregated separately in the notes to the financial statements, where
applicable.
Accounting policies have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these financial statements.
2.2 Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.
An asset is treated as current when it is:
- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading
- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least
twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after
the reporting period.
2.3 Basis of preparation and presentation
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial
instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the
accounting policies below.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and
services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly
transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is
directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset
or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants
would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.
Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such
a basis, except for leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 17 and measurements that have
some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realisable value in Ind AS 2 or value in use
in Ind AS 36.
In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2, or 3
based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance
of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:
- Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the
entity can access at the measurement date;
- Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the
asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and
- Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
2.4 Use of estimates
The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with the recognition and measurement principles
of Ind AS requires the management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported balances of assets and liabilities, disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expense for the periods presented.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates
are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected.
Key source of estimation of uncertainty at the date of the financial statements, which may cause a material
adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, is in respect of
valuation of deferred tax assets and provisions and contingent liabilities.
Valuation of deferred tax assets
In view of uncertainty of future taxable profits, the Company has not recognized deferred tax asset (net of
deferred tax liabilities) at the year end.
2.5 Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company
and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is
measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually
defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.
The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised:
a) Income is recognized on accrual basis except income related to non-performing assets, which is
accounted on cash basis in accordance with prudential norms of Reserve Bank of India.
b) The Company has adopted Implicit Rate of Return (IRR) method of accounting in respect of finance
charges income for hire purchase/loan transactions. As per this method, the IRR involved in each
hire purchase/loan transaction is recognized and finance charges calculated by applying the same on
outstanding principal financed thereby establishing equitable distribution of income over the period of
the agreement.
c) Interest on overdue installments is accounted for on receipt basis.
d) Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will
flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued
on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable,
which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the
financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.
e) Dividend income is recognised at the time when right to receive the payment is established, which is
generally when the shareholders approve the dividend.
2.6 Foreign currencies
The functional currency of the Company is Indian rupee (Rs.).
Income and expenses in foreign currencies are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of the
transaction. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange
rate prevailing on the balance sheet date and exchange gains and losses arising on settlement and
restatement are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
2.7 Employee benefits
The Company provides post-employment benefits through various defined contribution and defined benefit
plans.
2.7.1 Defined contribution plans
A defined contribution plan is a plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into an independent
fund administered by the government. The Company has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further
contributions after its payment of the fixed contribution, which are recognised as an expense in the year in
which the related employee services are received.
2.7.2 Defined benefit plans
The defined benefit plans sponsored by the Compamy define the amount of the benefit that an employee
will received on completion of services by reference to length of service and last drawn salary. The legal
obligation for any benefits remains with the Company.
Gratuity is post-employment benefit and is in the nature of a defined benefit plan. The liability recognised
in the financial statements in respect of gratuity is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the
reporting date, together with adjustments for unrecognised actuarial gains or losses and post service costs.
The defined benefit obligatoin is calculated at or near the reporting date by an independent actuary using
the projected unit credit method.
Actuarial gains and losses arising from past experience and changes in actuarial assumptions are credited
or charged to the statement of OCI in the year in which such gains or losses are determined.
Other long-term employee benefits
Liability in respect of compensated absences becoming due or expected to be availed more than one
year after the balance sheet date is estimated on the basis of an actuarial valuation performed by an
independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.
Actuarial gains and losses arising from past experience and changes in actuarial assumptions are credited
or charged to the statement of OCI in the year in which such gains or losses are determined.
Short-term employee benefits
Expenses in respect of other short term benefits is recognised on the basis of the amount paid or payable
for the period during which services are rendered by the employee.
2.8 Taxation
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
2.8.1 Current tax
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ''profit before
tax'' as reported in the statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable
or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible.
The Company''s current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted
by the end of the reporting period.
2.8.2 Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities
in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit.
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets
are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that
taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such
deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial
recognition of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting
profit.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to
the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of
the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in
which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted
or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the
carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
2.8.3 Current and deferred tax for the year
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are
recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax
are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
2.09 Inventories
Repossessed assets are valued at the end at lower of book value or net realizable value as certified by the
management of the Company.
2.10 Property plant and equipment
The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its plant and equipment (including
freehold land) as at the transition date, viz., 1 April 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that
carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.
Property plant and equipment and capital work in progress are stated at cost of acquisition or construction
net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss (if any).
Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as
appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the
Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is
derecognised. Repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the financial
period in which they are incurred.
Depreciation is computed on Straight Line Method (''SLM'') based on estimated useful lives as determined by
internal assessment of the assets in terms of Schedule of II to the Companies Act, 2013.
The assets'' residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each
reporting period.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon
disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising
on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amount of the asset) is included in the income statement when the asset is derecognised.
No further charge is provided in respect of assets that are fully written down but are still in use.
2.11 Intangible assets
Development of property (website) and software costs are included in the balance sheet as intangible
assets, when they are clearly linked to long term economic benefits for the Company. These are measured
initially at purchase cost and then amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.
212 Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever
there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the
recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an
individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those
from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash generating unit (CGU)
to which the asset belongs.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying
amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the
statement of profit and loss.
2 Significant Accounting Policies :
2.1 Statement of compliance
These financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS), the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Companies Act"), as applicable and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India ("SEBI"). The Ind AS are prescribed under Section 133 of the Act read with Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016.
The financial statements correspond to the classification provisions contained in Ind AS 1, "Presentation of Financial Statements". For clarity, various items are aggregated in the statements of profit and loss and balance sheet. These items are disaggregated separately in the notes to the financial statements, where applicable.
Accounting policies have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these financial statements.
2.2 Current versus non-current classification
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:
- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle
- Held primarily for the purpose of trading
- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle
- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading
- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
2.3 Basis of preparation and presentation
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below.
Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for measurement and/or disclosure purposes in these financial statements is determined on such a basis, except for leasing transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 17 and measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as net realisable value in Ind AS 2 or value in use in Ind AS 36.
In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorised into Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, which are described as follows:
- Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date;
- Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and
- Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
2.4 Use of estimates
The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with the recognition and measurement principles of Ind AS requires the management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities, disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expense for the periods presented.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and future periods are affected.
Key source of estimation of uncertainty at the date of the financial statements, which may cause a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, is in respect of valuation of deferred tax assets and provisions and contingent liabilities.
Valuation of deferred tax assets
In view of uncertainty of future taxable profits, the Company has not recognized deferred tax asset (net of deferred tax liabilities) at the year end.
2.5 Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.
The specific recognition criteria described below must also be met before revenue is recognised:
a) Income is recognized on accrual basis except income related to non-performing assets, which is accounted on cash basis in accordance with prudential norms of Reserve Bank of India.
b) The Company has adopted Implicit Rate of Return (IRR) method of accounting in respect of finance charges income for hire purchase/loan transactions. As per this method, the IRR involved in each hire purchase/loan transaction is recognized and finance charges calculated by applying the same on outstanding principal financed thereby establishing equitable distribution of income over the period of the agreement.
c) Interest on overdue installments is accounted for on receipt basis.
d) Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.
e) Dividend income is recognised at the time when right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when the shareholders approve the dividend.
2.6 Foreign currencies
The functional currency of the Company is Indian rupee (Rs.).
Income and expenses in foreign currencies are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the balance sheet date and exchange gains and losses arising on settlement and restatement are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
2.7 Employee benefits
The Company provides post-employment benefits through various defined contribution and defined benefit plans.
2.7.1 Defined contribution plans
A defined contribution plan is a plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into an independent fund administered by the government. The Company has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions after its payment of the fixed contribution, which are recognised as an expense in the year in which the related employee services are received.
2.7.2 Defined benefit plans
The defined benefit plans sponsored by the Compamy define the amount of the benefit that an employee will receive on completion of services by reference to length of service and last drawn salary. The legal obligation for any benefits remains with the Company.
Gratuity is post-employment benefit and is in the nature of a defined benefit plan. The liability recognised in the financial statements in respect of gratuity is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the reporting date, together with adjustments for unrecognised actuarial gains or losses and post service costs. The defined benefit obligatoin is calculated at or near the reporting date by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.
Actuarial gains and losses arising from past experience and changes in actuarial assumptions are credited or charged to the statement of OCI in the year in which such gains or losses are determined.
Other long-term employee benefits
Liability in respect of compensated absences becoming due or expected to be availed more than one year after the balance sheet date is estimated on the basis of an actuarial valuation performed by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.
Actuarial gains and losses arising from past experience and changes in actuarial assumptions are credited or charged to the statement of OCI in the year in which such gains or losses are determined.
Short-term employee benefits
Expenses in respect of other short term benefits is recognised on the basis of the amount paid or payable for the period during which services are rendered by the employee.
2.8 Taxation
Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
2.8.1 Current tax
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ''profit before tax'' as reported in the statement of profit and loss because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible.
The Company''s current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
2.8.2 Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
2.8.3 Current and deferred tax for the year
Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
2.09 Inventories
Repossessed assets are valued at the end at lower of book value or net realizable value as certified by the management of the Company.
2.10 Property plant and equipment
"The Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its plant and equipment (including freehold land) as at the transition date, viz., 1 April 2015 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as its deemed cost as of the transition date.
Property plant and equipment and capital work in progress are stated at cost of acquisition or construction net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss (if any)."
Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. Repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during the financial period in which they are incurred.
Depreciation is computed on Straight Line Method (''SLM'') based on estimated useful lives as determined by internal assessment of the assets in terms of Schedule of II to the Companies Act, 2013.
The assets'' residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.
An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the income statement when the asset is derecognised.
No further charge is provided in respect of assets that are fully written down but are still in use.
2.11 Intangible assets
Development of property (website) and software costs are included in the balance sheet as intangible assets, when they are clearly linked to long term economic benefits for the Company. These are measured initially at purchase cost and then amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.
212 Impairment of tangible and intangible assets
"Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets with finite life are evaluated for recoverability whenever there is any indication that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount (i.e. higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash generating unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.
If the recoverable amount of an asset (or CGU) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.
(a) Basis of Preparation
These financial statements have been prepared to comply with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) including the Accounting Standards notified under the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.
(b) Method of Accounting
Accounts are maintained on an accrual basis and at historical cost.
(c) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Differences between the actual result and estimates are recognized in periods in which the results are known/materialized.
(d) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.
(e) Inventories
Repossessed assets are valued at the year-end at lower of book value or net realizable value as certified by the management of the Company.
(f) Depreciation
Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on straight line method based on the estimated useful life as determined by internal assessment of the assets in terms of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The useful life of the assets has been reassessed based on the number of years for which the assets have already been put to use and the estimated minimum balance period for which the assets can be used in the Company.
In respect of fixed assets having a balance useful life as on April 1, 2014, the written down value of such assets as on April 1, 2014 is charged off as depreciation, on the straight line method, over such balance useful life after retaining the residual value.
All fixed assets individually costing less than Rs. 5,000/- are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.
(g) Investments
Investments are classified as non-current investments if these are intended to be held for more than one year. Other investments are classified as current investments.
Non-current investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of investment, if any, is made if the decline in value is of permanent nature.
Current Investments, other than unquoted, are valued at lower of cost or market value. Unquoted current investments are valued at cost or at break up values determined from the last available Balance Sheets of the investee companies or at one rupee only, where the balance sheet is not available for previous two years.
(h) Revenue Recognition
1) Income is recognized on accrual basis except income related to non-performing assets, which is accounted on cash basis in accordance with prudential norms of Reserve Bank of India.
2) The Company has adopted Implicit Rate of Return (IRR) method of accounting in respect of finance charges income for hire purchase/loan transactions. As per this method, the IRR involved in each hire purchase/loan transaction is recognized and finance charges calculated by applying the same on outstanding principal financed thereby establishing equitable distribution of income over the period of the agreement.
3) Interest on overdue installments is accounted for on receipt basis.
(i) Employees Benefits
1) Defined Contribution Plan
Employees benefits in the form of Provident Fund are considered as defined contribution plan and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Statement of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due.
2) Defined Benefits Plan
Retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity is considered as defined obligations and are provided for on the basis of actual, as at the date of the Balance Sheet.
3) Other Long Term Benefits
Long term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of actual, as at the date of the Balance Sheet. (j) Taxes on Income
Tax expenses comprise of current tax expense and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authorities using the applicable tax rates and tax laws. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted till the Balance Sheet date. Tax effect of the timing difference of the current period is included in the Profit & Loss Statement as a part of the tax expense and as deferred tax liability in the Balance Sheet.
These financial statements have been prepared to comply with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) including the Accounting Standards notified under the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.
(b) Method of Accounting
Accounts are maintained on an accrual basis and at historical cost.
(c) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Differences between the actual result and estimates are recognized in periods in which the results are known/materialised.
(d) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.
(e) Inventories
Repossessed assets are valued at the year-end at lower of book value or net realizable value as certified by the management of the Company.
(f) Depreciation
Depreciation on fixed assets is provided on straight line method based on the estimated useful life as determined by internal assessment of the assets in terms of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The useful life of the assets has been reassessed based on the number of years for which the assets have already been put to use and the estimated minimum balance period for which the assets can be used in the Company.
In respect of fixed assets having a balance useful life as on April 1, 2014, the written down value of such assets as on April 1, 2014 is charged off as depreciation, on the straight line method, over such balance useful life after retaining the residual value.
All fixed assets individually costing less than Rs. 5,000/- are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.
(g) Investments
Investments are classified as non-current investments if these are intended to be held for more than one year. Other investments are classified as current investments.
Non-current investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of investment, if any, is made if the decline in value is of permanent nature.
Current Investments, other than unquoted, are valued at lower of cost or market value. Unquoted current investments are valued at cost or at break up values determined from the last available Balance Sheets of the investee companies or at one rupee only, where the balance sheet is not available for previous two years.
(h) Revenue Recognition
1) Income is recognized on accrual basis except income related to non-performing assets, which is accounted on cash basis in accordance with prudential norms of Reserve Bank of India.
2) The Company has adopted Implicit Rate of Return (IRR) method of accounting in respect of finance charges income for hire purchase/loan transactions. As per this method, the IRR involved in each hire purchase/loan transaction is recognized and finance charges calculated by applying the same on outstanding principal financed thereby establishing equitable distribution of income over the period of the agreement.
3) Interest on overdue installments is accounted for on receipt basis.
(i) Employees Benefits
1) Defined Contribution Plan
Employees benefits in the form of Provident Fund are considered as defined contribution plan and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Statement of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due.
2) Defined Benefits Plan
Retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity is considered as defined obligations and are provided for on the basis of actual, as at the date of the Balance Sheet.
3) Other Long Term Benefits
Long term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of actual, as at the date of the Balance Sheet.
(j) Taxes on Income
Tax expenses comprise of current tax expense and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authorities using the applicable tax rates and tax laws. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted till the Balance Sheet date. Tax effect of the timing difference of the current period is included in the Profit & Loss Statement as a part of the tax expense and as deferred tax liability in the Balance Sheet.
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the Notified Accounting Standards by Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.
(b) Method of Accounting
Accounts are maintained on an accrual basis and at historical cost.
(c) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Differences between the actual result and estimates are recognized in periods in which the results are known/materialised.
(d) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.
(e) Inventories
Repossessed assets are valued at the year-end at lower of book value or net realizable value as certified by the independent valuer.
(f) Depreciation
The Company has provided depreciation on Written Down Value Method as per the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Assets of the value of Rs. 5000/- or below, where identifiable, are fully charged off in the year of purchase.
(g) Investments
Investments are classified as non-current investments if these are intended to be held for more than one year. Other investments are classified as current investments.
Non-current investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of investment, if any, is made if the decline in value is of permanent nature.
Current Investments, other than unquoted, are valued at lower of cost or market value. Unquoted current investments are valued at cost or at break up values determined from the last available Balance Sheets of the investee companies or at one rupee only, where the balance sheet is not available for previous two years.
(h) Revenue Recognition
1) Income is recognized on accrual basis except income related to non-performing assets, which is accounted on cash basis in accordance with prudential norms of Reserve Bank of India.
2) The Company has adopted Implicit Rate of Return (IRR) method of accounting in respect of finance charges income for hire purchase/loan transactions. As per this method, the IRR involved in each hire purchase/loan transaction is recognized and finance charges calculated by applying the same on outstanding principal financed thereby establishing equitable distribution of income over the period of the agreement.
3) Interest on overdue installments is accounted for on receipt basis.
(i) Employees Benefits
1) Defined Contribution Plan
Employees benefits in the form of Provident Fund are considered as defined contribution plan and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Statement of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due.
2) Defined Benefits Plan
Retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity is considered as defined obligations and are provided for on the basis of actual, as at the date of the Balance Sheet.
3) Other Long Term Benefits
Long term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of actual, as at the date of the Balance Sheet.
(j) Taxes on Income
Tax expenses comprise of current tax expense and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authorities using the applicable tax rates and tax laws. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted till the Balance Sheet date. Tax effect of the timing difference of the current period is included in the Profit & Loss Statement as a part of the tax expense and as deferred tax liability in the Balance Sheet.
The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material aspects with the Notified Accounting Standards by Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.
(b) Method of Accounting
Accounts are maintained on an accrual basis and at historical cost.
(c) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures relating to contingent liabilities as at the date of financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Differences between the actual result and estimates are recognized in periods in which the results are known/materialised.
(d) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.
(e) Inventories
Repossessed assets are valued at the year-end at lower of book value or net realizable value.
(f) Depreciation
The Company has provided depreciation on Written Down Value Method as per the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Assets of the value of Rs.5000/- or below, where identifiable, are fully charged off in the year of purchase.
(g) Investments
Investments are classified as non-current investments if these are intended to be held for more than one year. Other investments are classified as current investments.
Non-current investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of investment, if any, is made if the decline in value is of permanent nature.
Current Investments, other than unquoted, are valued at lower of cost or market value. Unquoted current investments are valued at cost or at break up values determined from the last available Balance Sheets of the investee companies or at one rupee only, where the balance sheet is not available for previous two years.
(h) Revenue Recognition
1) Income is recognized on accrual basis except income related to non-performing assets, which is accounted on cash basis in accordance with prudential norms of Reserve Bank of India.
2) The Company has adopted Implicit Rate of Return (IRR) method of accounting in respect of finance charges income for hire purchase/loan transactions. As per this method, the IRR involved in each hire purchase/loan transaction is recognized and finance charges calculated by applying the same on outstanding principal financed thereby establishing equitable distribution of income over the period of the agreement.
3) Interest on overdue installments is accounted for on receipt basis.
(i) Employees Benefits
1) Defined Contribution Plan
Employees benefits in the form of Provident Fund are considered as defined contribution plan and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the Year when the contribution to the respective funds are due.
2) Defined Benefits Plan
Retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity is considered as defined obligations and are provided for on the basis of actual, as at the date of the Balance Sheet.
3) Other Long Term Benefits
Long term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of actual, as at the date of the Balance Sheet.
(j) Taxes on Income
Tax expenses comprise of current tax expense and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authorities using the applicable tax rates and tax laws. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted till the balance sheet date. Tax effect of the timing difference of the current period is included in the profit & loss account as a part of the tax expense and as deferred tax liability in the Balance Sheet.
2. Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.
3. Inventories
Repossessed assets are valued at the year-end at lower of book value or net realizable value.
4. Depreciation
The Company has provided depreciation on Written Down Value Method as per the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Assets of the value of Rs.5000/- or below, where identifiable, are fully charged off in the year of purchase.
5. Investments
Investments are classified between long term and current categories in accordance with the guidelines stipulated by the Reserve Bank of India and as per the Accounting Standard issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
Long Term investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of investment, if any, is made if the decline in value is of permanent nature.
Current Investments, other than unquoted, are valued at lower of cost or market value. Unquoted current investments are valued at cost or at break up values determined from the last available Balance Sheets of the investee companies or at one rupee only, where the balance sheet is not available for previous two years.
6. Revenue Recognition
(a) Income is recognized on accrual basis except income related to non-performing assets, which is accounted on cash basis in accordance with prudential norms of Reserve Bank of India.
(b) The Company has adopted Implicit Rate of Return (IRR) method of accounting in respect of finance charges income for hire purchase/loan transactions. As per this method, the IRR involved in each hire purchase/loan transaction is recognized and finance charges calculated by applying the same on outstanding principal financed thereby establishing equitable distribution of income over the period of the agreement.
(c) Interest on overdue installments is accounted for on receipt basis.
7. Employees Benefits
(a) Defined Contribution Plan
Employees benefits in the form of Provident Fund are considered as defined contribution plan and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the Year when the contribution to the respective funds are due.
(b) Defined Benefits Plan
Retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity is considered as defined obligations and are provided for on the basis of actual, as at the date of the Balance Sheet.
(c) Other Long Term Benefits
Long term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of actual, as at the date of the Balance Sheet.
8. Taxes on Income
Tax expenses comprise of current tax expense and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authorities using the applicable tax rates and tax laws. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted till the balance sheet date. Tax effect of the timing difference of the current period is included in the profit & loss account as a part of the tax expense and as deferred tax liability in the Balance Sheet.
2. Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.
3. Inventories
Repossessed assets are valued at the year-end at lower of book value or net realizable value.
4. Depreciation
The Company has provided depreciation on Written Down Value Method as per the rates prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Assets of the value of Rs.5000/- or below, where identifiable, are fully charged off in the year of purchase.
5. Investments
Investments are classified between long term and current categories in accordance with the guidelines stipulated by the Reserve Bank of India and as per the Accounting Standard issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
Long Term investments are stated at cost. Provision for diminution in the value of investment, if any, is made if the decline in value is of permanent nature.
Current Investments, other than unquoted, are valued at lower of cost or market value. Unquoted current investments are valued at cost or at break up values determined from the last available Balance Sheets of the investee companies or at one rupee only, where the balance sheet is not available for previous two years.
6. Revenue Recognition
(a) Income is recognized on accrual basis except income related to non-performing assets, which is à accounted on cash basis in accordance with prudential norms of Reserve Bank of India.
(b) The Company has adopted Implicit Rate of Return (IRR) method of accounting in respect of finance charges income for hire purchase/loan transactions. As per this method, the IRR involved in each hire purchase/loan transaction is recognized and finance charges calculated by applying the same on outstanding principal financed thereby establishing equitable distribution of income over the period of the agreement.
(c) Interest on overdue installments is accounted for on receipt basis.
7. Employees Benefits
(a) Defined Contribution Plan
Employees benefits in the form of Provident Fund are considered as defined contribution plan and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the Year when the contribution to the respective funds are due.
(b) Defined Benefits Plan
Retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity is considered as defined obligations and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the Balance Sheet.
(c) Other Long Term Benefits
Long term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the Balance Sheet.
Actuarial gain/losses, if any, are immediately recognized in the Profit and Loss Account.
8. Taxes on Income
Tax expenses comprise of current tax expense and deferred taxes. Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the taxation authorities using the applicable tax rates and tax laws. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted till the balance sheet date. Tax effect of the timing difference of the current period is included in the profit & loss account as a part of the tax expense and as deferred tax liability in the Balance Sheet.
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